Fastening device for fastening railroad rails or the like



June 16,1959 la'wmsmc; 2,890,833

7 FASTENING DEVICE FOR FASTENING RAILROAD RAILS OR THE LIKE Fil'ed April 8,1957 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 v F76. 6 FIG. 7

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39 INVENI'QP "Erwin. Wirsmg fmz isemkw FASTENING DEVICE FOR FASTENTNG RAILROAD RAILS OR THE LIKE Erwin Wirsing, Schonber'g, Taunlis, Germany Application April 8, 1957, Serial No. 651,379

Claims priority, application Germany April 9, 1956 11 Claims. (Cl. 238-349) The present invention relates to railroads, and more particularly the present invention relates to fastening arrangements for fastening a rail of a railroad onto a support for the rail such as a railroad tie.

Known rail fasteners are subject to a great deal of wear and often are not equal to the stresses which result particularly from rails where the successive rail sections are welded directly to each other.

One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a rail fastener capable of reliably holding a rail in position and also capable of withstanding the wear to which the fastener may be subject as well as the stresses induced by the rail itself.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a fastener which may be driven into a rail support and which can be checked for proper operating conditions without the use of any gauges or measuring devices or the like.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a rail fastener which is of rugged simple construction and which is very reliable in operation.

The rail fasteners of the present invention may be designed for use either with rail supports in the form of wooden ties or with concrete ties.

With the above objects in view the present invention mainly consists of a fastener for fastening a railroad rail or the like to a support on which the rail rests and into which the fastener is to be driven, this fastener including a pair of elongated bars of spring metal having, respectively, elongated shank portions fixed to each other in side by side relation and cooperating together to form a shank of the fastener. One of these bars has at the upper end of its shank portion a lateraly extending elongated stop portion directed away from the other bar and adapted to engage the top face of the rail support for limiting the movement of the fastener into the support. This stop portion is adapted to extend alongside of and in close proximity to a rail to form a lateral guide and stop therefor. The other bar has at the upper end of its shank portion at least one convolution located at a higher elevation than the stop portion of the first-mentioned bar and terminating beyond this convolution in an elongated free end portion which is adapted to press down on a portion of a rail.

The novel features which are considered as characteristic for the invention are set forth in particular in the ap- United States l atent Patented June 16, 1959 ing how the fastener of Fig. 1 appears in an end view, Fig. 2 being taken in a direction parallel to the railroad tie;

Fig. 3 is a partly sectional fragmentary top plan view of the fastener of Figs. 1 and 2;

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary, partly sectional, elevational view taken in a direction transverse to a railroad tie and showing how another type of fastener according to the present invention fastens a railroad rail to a tie;

Fig. 5 is a view parallel to a railroad tie showing how the fastener of Fig. 4 appears in an end view;

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary partly sectional elevational view taken in a direction transverse to a railroad tie and showing another embodiment of a fastener according to the present invention;

Fig. 7 shows the fastener of Fig. 6 as it appears from the left side of Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary partly sectional elevational view taken transversely to a railroad tie and showing a further embodiment of a fastener according to the present invention;

Fig. 9 shows the fastener of Fig. 8 as it appears in an end view;

Fig. 10 is a fragmentary view taken transversely to a railroad tie and showing still another embodiment of a fastener according to the present invention; and

Fig. 11 shows the fastener of Fig. 10 as it appears from the left side of Fig. 10.

Referring to Figs. 13, it will be seen that a railroad rail 1 is illustrated therein resting on a support in the form of a railroad tie 3, the rail 1 having a lower portion 2 which rests directly on the tie 3.

The fastener of the invention includes in the embodiment of Figs. 1-3 a pair of shanks A and B respectively driven into bores 4 of the tie 3. The fastener is made of a spring metal such as spring steel, and each of the shanks A and B is formed from a pair of bars. Thus, each shank A and B is formed from a pair of elongated shank portions of a pair of bars, these shank portions being fixed to each other in side by side relation. For example, each shank may be formed from a continuous bar which is folded at the bottom end of the shank to provide the pair of shank portions which are located beside each other in the manner shown in Fig. l or the two bars may be Welded together at the bottom end of the shank.

The upper end of the right bar of the shank A, as

viewed in Fig. l, is laterally bent so as to be provided with an elongated stop portion 5, and the upper end of the left shank portion which forms part of the shank B of Fig. l is also laterally bent to form an elongated stop portion. These stop portions of the two shanks are fixed together as by being formed integrally with extending at its entire length along the portion 2 of the rail 1. This free end portion 8 is straight and is inclined in the manner shown in Fig. 2 so that the entire bottom face of the free end portion 8 bears flush against the upper surface of the portion 2 of the rail 1.

In the same way, the right bar of the shank B of Fig. 1

is .provided at its upper end with a convolution 6 which is oppositely directed to the convolution 6 of the left bar of the shank A, and this right convolution 6 shown in Fig. '1 terminates also in an elongated free end portion 8 which bears flush against the rail 1.

and; the stopportionlS,

The fastener of Figs. 1-3. may. be. formed. from a single continuous length of spring steel which is suitably bent so as to form the fastener shown in Figs. 13. This barof spring steel has a rectangular cross section, and in the embodiment of Figs. l:3 a narrow face of the bar is directed toward the rail 1. Thus, a narrow side surface of the stop portion 5 is locatedalongside of the rail portion 2, and the two shank portions forming each of the shanks A and B respectively have narrow side surfaces directed toward the rail 1. The two shank portions which cooperate together to form each of the shanks A and B have together a substantially square cross section, as is evident from- Fig. 3. It will be noted that a wide surface of the stop portion 5 bears against the top surface of the tie 3, while a wide surface of each end: portion 8 bears flush against the rail portion 2.

With the above-described construction the common stop portion 5 not only makes it easy to drive the fastener into the tie. 3, but in addition this stop portion 5 limits the extent to which the fastener can be driven intothe tie, and furthermore this stop portion 5' simultaneously forms alateralguide and stop for the rail 1'. Furthermore, after the fastener is manufactured, no gauges or measuring devices of any type are required to check whether or not the fastener is properly positioned; One need only glance at the fastener to see that its stop portion 5- is flush against the top face of the tie 3, and it is known that the fastener is properly positioned. The convolutions 6 and elongated free portions 8 are so designed that when the stop portion 5 engages the top face of the tie 3 the elongated free end portion 8= bears with the proper pressure against the rail portion 2to press the latter in the desired manner against the tie 3. Itwill be noted that the shanks A and B extend along parallel axes which are located in a plane common with the axis ofthe stop portion 5, while in the embodiment of Figs. 1-3, the convolutions 6 are substantially located in the same plane in that they extend substantially parallel to the rail- 1 with the free end portion 8 also extending parallel to the rail 1. Of course, theconvolutions 6 could respectively be curved in a direction opposite to that shown in Fig. 1 so that the parallel free end portions 8 would extend away from each other rather than toward each other as shown in Fig. 1.

In the embodiment of the invention which is shown in Figs. 4 and 5, only one shank formed by the pair of bars 9 and 10 is provided. This pair of bars 9 and 10- are fixed together at the bottom end of the shank as by forming parts of a continuous bar which is folded at its bottom end or as by being welded. to gether, as mentioned above. An elongated stop portion 1:5- extends laterally from the upper end of the shank. portion of the bar 10, and this stop portion is parallel-to and locatedin close proximity to the rail portion 2. The bars 9'and'1tl are of rectangular cross section. and cooperate together to form a shank of substantially square-cross section. It will be noted that the shankformed by the bars 9 and 10 extends along a predetermined axis which is located with the axis of, the... stop portion 15 in a common plane which is parallel to the rail 1-. In the embodiment of Figs. 4 and 5 the bar 9:.includes at the upper end of'its shank portion a convolution 16 which is substantially normal to therail 1. andthe common plane of the shank axis and the convolution 16 terminates inian: elongated free endportion 19 (Fig. 5) which has its widerface bearingfiush against the rail portion 2. It. will; be noted thatthe free end portion 18' is substantially perpendicular to the rail 1. Also, in order to, place the wide face of the free end portion 18 in engagementwiththe rail the convolution 16 is twisted Without such twisting a through. approximately 90. narrow surface of the convolution 16 would bear against 4 the raill. Thus, with the embodiment of Figs. 4 and 5 the pressure which the free, end portion 18 exerts on the bar 1 is derived not only from the convolution 16 but also from the twisting of the bar, this twisting also placing the fibers of the bar in tension so that a very high force can be obtained with the embodiment of Figs. 4 and 5.

It will. be noted that with. the embodiment of Figs. 4" and 5 as well as with that of Figs. 1-3 the narrow surfaces of the bars are directed toward the rail. 1 and the wide surface of the stop portions 5 and 15 bear flush against the top face 7 of the tie 3. With the embodiment of Figs. 4 and 5 the stopportion 15 also forms a lateral guide and stop for the rail 1 and in addition limits the extent to which the fastener can be driven into the rail support 3. Moreover, the parts are so designed that the proper pressure will be applied against the rail when the stop portion 15 engages the top face7v of the tie 3, so that with this embodiment also the use of gauges or measuring devices to check the fastener. is unnecessary.

The embodiment of the invention which is. shown in. Figs. 6 and 7 is substantially identical with that. of Figs. 4' and 5. The only difference is that with this embodi-v ment the convolution 16 is not twisted. and. therefore. this convolution terminates in an elongated, free end. por.- tion 13 which bears with one of its narrow surfaces against the portion 2 of the rail. 1. Otherwise the em:- bodiment of Figs. 6 and 7 is identicalwith that of Figs. 4 and 5.

The embodiment of the invention which. is shownin Figs. 8 and 9 differs from. that. of'Figs. 1- and 2 inthat the shanks A and B are positioned. so that.their wide. faces are directed towards the. rail 1 Inother wordsthe two-- bars 'which form. each shank are positioned so that their.

wide faces extend parallel to the rail 1. Thus, with this,-

embodiment the common stop. portion 25 extending betweentwo of the bars whichrespectivelyform part of the shanks A and B has a-narrow surface directed towardandengaging the top face 7 of the tie3, and, awide-surface of this elongated stopportion 25 is located inclose proximity to and extends along thebottorn portion 2 of the rail 1 With this embodiment eachof the-shanks A and B has one of the bars thereof provided atits-upperendwith a convolution 26 located ina; plane normal to thatwhich ineludes the. axis of each shankz andlthe elongated.

stop portion 25, and each convolution 26 terminates. in an elongated free end portion 28 normal to the rail 1* and having adownwardly; directed bottom widesurface lying flush against the rail'portion 2, as is shownzintFigs. 8 and 9. Of course, instead of. providing. convolutions 26- which are curvedat their upper ends away from. the rail 1 and then extend at their bottom ends toward the rail 1, it is possible to provide convolutions which are curved in the opposite direction so that-the elongated free end portion 28 extends from an innerportionof the-rail part 2-toward the. outer edge thereof.

With the embodirnent of Figs. 8' and 9 the elongatedf stop portion 25 which is common toboth of the shanks- A and B is not only a lateral guide and stop for the rail 1, but in addition-this stop. portion 25 .limits the movement of the fastener into the tie and indicates that thefastener is properly positioned without the: use of="any guages-or the: like. Fig. 9: shows how a-shank is formed from a pair of bars 39 and 40 locatedin sideby siderelationand connected together at their bottom end.

In the embodiment of the invention which is shown in Figs. 10 and 11 the shanks A and B are identical'with those of Figs. 8 and 9 and are formed by a pair of bars 39 and 40, as indicated in Fig. 11. The bar 39 of each shank has a laterally extending portion 35 which forms the elongated stop portion, this portion 35 being common to both of the shanks as by being formed integrally therewith, in the manner describedabove. Thestop portion 35 is identical with the stop portion 25 of Figs. 8 and 9.

asoc ssa With the embodiment of Figs. and 11 the convolutions $6 and 36 are located substantially in the plane which includes the axis of the shanks and the top portion 35. In other words these convolutions 36 and 36' extend substantially parallel to the rail 1. However, the convolution 36 which extends from the shank A is twisted through 90 so as to be provided with an elongated free end portion 38 having a wide surface directed toward and lying flush against the rail 1, while the convolution 36 is not twisted and thus has a narrow edge of the elongated free end portion 38 pressing against the rail portion 2.

In all of the embodiments of the invention the elongated free end portion of the fastener which bears against the rail portion 2 is straight so that it bears along its entire length against the rail portion 2, and furthermore this elongated free end portion is inclined so that its downwardly directed surface is parallel to the inclined surface of the rail portion 2, and in this way the elongated free end portion of all of the fasteners hear at their entire areas against the rail portion 2.

When the above-described fasteners of the invention are designed for use with concrete ties, the cross section of the two bars which form each shank is so designed that these two cross sections cooperate together to form a rectangular shank cross section rather than a square cross section as described above in connection with the wooden tie 3.

It will be understood that each of the elements described above, or two or more together, may also find a useful application in other types of fasteners differing from the types described above.

While the invention has been illustrated and described as embodied in railroad fasteners, it is not intended to be limited to the details shown, since various modifications and structural changes may be made without departing in any way from the spirit of the present invention.

Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist of the present invention that others can by applying current knowledge readily adapt it for various applications without omitting features that, from the standpoint of prior art, fairly constitute essential characteristics of the generic or specific aspects of this invention and, therefore, such adaptations should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalence of the following claims.

What is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:

1. A fastener for fastening a railroad rail or the like to a support on which the rail rests and into which the fastener is to be driven, comprising, in combination, a pair of elongated bars of spring metal having, respectively, elongated shank portions fixed to each other in side by side relation and cooperating together to form a shank of the fastener, one of said bars having at the upper end of its shank portion a rigid laterally extending elongated stop portion directed away from the other bar and adapted to rigidly engage the top face of the support for limiting the movement of the fastener into the support, said rigid stop portion being adapted to extend alongside of and in close proximity to a rail to form a lateral guide and stop therefor, said other bar having at the upper end of its shank portion at least one resilient convolution located at a higher elevation than said rigid stop portion and terminating beyond said convolution in an elongated free end portion adapted to resiliently press down on a portion of a rail.

2. A fastener for fastening a railroad rail or the like to a support on which the rail rests and into which the fastener is to be driven, comprising, in combination, a pair of elongated bars of spring metal having, respectively, elongated shank portions fixed to each other in side by side relation and cooperating together to form a shank of the fastener, said shank extending along an axis, one of said bars having at the upper end of its shank portion a rigid laterally extending stop portion directed away from the other bar and adapted to rigidly engage the top face of the support for limiting the movement of the fastener into the support, said rigid stop portion being adapted to extend alongside of and in close proximity to a rail to form a lateral guide and stop therefor, and said rigid stop portion extending along a second axis which with said axis of said shank defines a plane, said other bar having at the upper end of its shank portion at least one resilient convolution located substantially in said plane at a higher ele" vation than the elevation of said rigid stop portion and terminating beyond said resilient convolution in an elongated, substantially straight free end portion adapted to engage substantially along its entire length a portion of a rail and to resiliently press down on the rail.

3. A fastener for fastening. a railroad rail. or the like to a support on which the rail rests and into which the fastener is to be driven, comprising, in combination, a pair of elongated bars of spring metal having, respectively, elongated shank portions fixed to each other in side by side relation and cooperating together to form a shank of the fastener, one of said bars having at the upper end of its shank portion a rigid laterally extending elongated stop portion directed away from the other bar and adapted to rigidly engage the top face of the support for limiting the movement of the fastener into the support, said rigid stop portion being adapted to extend alongside of and in close proximity to a rail to form a lateral guide and stop therefor, said bars each having a rectangular cross section so that each portion of said bars has a pair of opposed wide surfaces and another pair of opposed narrow surfaces and said rigid. stop portion having one of its wide surfaces adapted to be directed toward a rail, said other bar having at the upper end of its shank portion at least one resilient convolution located at a higher elevation than the elevation of said rigid stop portion and terminating beyond said resilient convolution in an elongated free end portion having a wide surface of said free end portion directed downwardly and adapted to bear flush against a portion of a rail to resiliently press down on the latter.

4. A fastener for fastening a railroad rail or the like to a support on which the rail rests and into which the fastener is to be driven, comprising, in combination, a pair of elongated bars of spring metal having, respectively, elongated shank portions fixed to each other in side by side relation and cooperating together to form a shank of the fastener, said shank extending along a first axis, one of said bars having at the upper end of its shank portion a rigid laterally extending elongated stop portion directed away from the other bar and adapted to rigidly engage the top face of the support for limiting the movement of the fastener into the support, said rigid stop portion extending along a second axis which with said first axis defines a plane and said rigid stop portion being adapted to extend alongside of and in close proximity to a rail to form a lateral guide and stop therefor, said other bar having at the upper end of its shank portion at least one resilient convolution substantially normal to said plane located at a higher elevation than the elevation of said rigid stop portion and terminating beyond said resilient convolution in an elongated free end portion adapted to extend substanti ally perpendicularly with respect to a rail and adapted to press down resiliently upon a portion of a rail with the part of said free end portion overlapping said rail engaging the latter along its entire length.

5. A fastener for fastening a railroad rail or the like to a support on which the rail rests and into which the fastener is to be driven, comprising, in combination, a pair of elongated bars of spring metal having, respectively, elongated shank portions fixed to each other in side by side relation and cooperating together to form a 7s shank of the fastener, said'shank extending along a first axis, oneof said. bars having atv the upper end of its shank portiona rigidlaterally extending elongated stop portion directed away from the other bar and adapted to rigidly engage the top face of the support for limiting the movement of the fastener into the support, said rigid stop portion extending along a second axis which with said first axis-defines a plane and said rigid stop portion being adapted to extend alongside of'and in close proximity to a rail to form a lateral guide and stop therefor, said'other bar having at'the upper end of its shank portion at least one resilient convolution substantially normal to'said'plane located at a higher elevation than the elevation of said rigid stop portion and terminating beyond said resilinet convolution in an elongated free end-portion adapted to extend substantially, perpendicularl'y with respect to a rail and adapted to resiliently press down upon a portion of a rail with the part of said free end portion overlapping said rail engaging the latter along, its entire length, said bars each being of rectangular cross section and respectively having a pair of Wide surfaces located next to each other. in side by side relation to form said shank, the narrow surfaces of said bars being adapted to extend parallel to a rail and said resilient convolution being twisted through approximately 90 so that a wide surface of. the. free end portion of saidconvolution is directed toward and is adapted to bear resiliently against a, rail.

6., A fastener for fastening a railroad rail. or the like to a support on which the rail rests and into which the fastener is to be driven, comprising, in combination, two pairs of elongated bars of spring metal, each pair hav ing, respectively, elongated shank portions fixed to each other in side by side relation and cooperating, together to form a shank of the fastener, one of the. bars of each pair having at the upper end of its shank portion a rigid laterally extending elongated stop portion directed away from the other bar of each pair and adapted to rigidly engage the top face of the support for limiting the movement of the fastener into the support, said rigid stop portions extending toward each other andbeing connected together to form a rigid common stop portion between said pairs of bars, said rigid common stop portion being adapted to extend alongside of and in close proximity to a rail to form a lateral guide and stop therefor, the other bar of each pair of bars having at the upper end of its shank portion at least one resilient convolution located at a higher elevation than said rigid stop portion and terminating beyond said resilient convolution in an elongated free end portion adapted to press down, resiliently on a portion of a rail.

7. A fastener for fastening a railroad rail or the like to a support on which the rail rests and into which the fastener is to be driven, comprising, in combination, two pairs of elongated bars of spring metal, each pair having, respectively, elongated shank portions fixed to each other in side by side relation and cooperating together to for-m a shank of the fastener, one of the bars of each pair having at the upper end of its shank portion a rigid laterally extending elongated stop. portion directed away from the other bar of each, pair and adapted to rigidly engage the top face of the support for limiting the movement of the fastener into the support, said rigid stop portions extending toward each other and being connected together to form a rigid common stop portion between said pairs of bars, said rigid common stop portion being adapted to extend alongside of and in close proximity to a rail to form a lateral guide and stop therefor, the other bar of each pair of bars having at the upper end of its shank portion at least one resilient' convolution located at a higher elevation than said. rigid stop portion and terminating beyond said resilientconvolution in an elongated freecnd portion adapted to resiliently press down on a portion ofa rail, said free end portions extending in the same direction.

8. A fastener for fastening-a railroadrail or the like to a support on which the rail; rests and into which the fasteneris to; be driven, comprising, in combination, two pairs ofelongated bars of: spring metal, each pair having, respectively, elongated-shank portions fixed to each other in side by-side relation and cooperating together to form a-shank of the fastener, one of the bars of-each pairhaving at the upper end'ofits shank portion a rigid laterally extending elongated stop portion directed away from the other bar of eachpair and adapted to rigidly engage the top face of the support for limitingthe movement of the fastener into the support, said rigid stop portions extending toward each other and being con- I nected together to form a rigid common stop portion betweensaid pairs-of bars, said rigid common stop portion being adaptedto extend alongside of andin close proximity to a rail to forrna lateralguide and stop therefor, the other bar of each pair of bars having at the upper end ofits shank portion at least one resilient convolution located at a higher elevation than said stop portion and terminating beyond said resilient convolution in an-elongatedfreeend portion adapted to resiliently press down on a portion ofa rail, said free end portionsextending in the same directionand' extending towards each other:

9. On arailroad track, in combination, an elongated rail extending in a predetermined direction; a support supporting said rail at the underside of the latter and extending beyond said rail; and a fastener fastening said rail tosaid support, said fastener including a pair of elongated bars of spring metal having, respectively, elongated shank portions fixed to each other in side by-side relationand cooperating together to forma shankof the fastener, said sahnk being fixedly located Within saidsupport, one of said bars having atthe upper end of its shank portion a rigid laterally extending elongated stop-portion directed away from the other-bar and rigidly engaging the top face of the support for limiting the movement of the fastener into the support; said rigid stop portion extending alongside of and in close proximity to said rail to form a lateral guide and stop therefor, said other bar having at the upper end of its shank portion at least one resilient convolution located at a higher elevation than said rigid stop portionandterminating beyond said resilient convolution in an elongated free end portion engaging and resiliently-pressing down on a portion of said rail.

10. On a railroad track, in combination, an elongated rail extending in a predetermined direction; a support supporting said rail at the underside of the latter and extending beyond said rail; and a fastener fastening said= rail to said support, said fastener including a pair of elongated bars of spring metal-having, respectively, elongated shank portions fixed to each other inside by side relation and cooperating together to form a shank of the fastener, said shank being fixedly located within said support, one of said bars having at the upper end of its shank portion a rigid laterally extending elongated stop portion directed away from the other bar and rigidly engaging the top face of the support for limiting the movement of the fastener into the support, said rigid stop portion extending alongside of and in close proximity to said rail to form a lateral guide and'stop therefor, said other bar having at the upper end of its shank portion at least one resilient convolution located at a higher elevation than said rigid stop portion and terminating beyond said resilient convolution in an elongated free end portion engaging and resiliently pressing 7 down on a. portion of said rail, said bars each having a rectangular cross section and having respectively wide faces locatedl against each other and forming said shank, narrow faces of said bars and stop portion being directed toward said rail, and said free end portion of said cons volution having a wide face directed downwardly t Ward and lying flush against the rail.

11. On a railroad track, in combination, an elongated rail extending in a predetermined direction; a support supporting said mail at the underside of the latter and extending beyond said rail; and a fastener fastening said rail to said support, said fastener including a pair of elongated bars of spring metal having, respectively, elongated shank portions fixed to each other in side by side relation and cooperating together to form a shank of the fastener, said shank being fixedly located within said support, one of said bars having at the upper end of the shank portion a rigid laterally extending elongated stop portion directed away from the other bar and rigidly engaging the top face of the support for limiting the movement of the fastener into the support, said stop portion extending alongside of and in close proximity to said rail to form a lateral guide and stop therefor, said other bar having at the upper end of its shank portion at least one resilient convolution located at a higher elevation than said rigid stop portion and terminating beyond said resilient convolution in an elongated free end portion engaging and resiliently pressing down on a portion of said rail, said bars each being of rectangular cross section and respectively having wide faces engaging each other to form said shank, said rigid stop portion having a narrow face engaging said support and said resilient convolution having a narrow face engaging said rail at said elongated free end portion of said other bar, said resilient convolution being substantially normal to said rail and said free end portion being substantially perpendicular to said rail and said rigid stop portion having a wide face directed toward. said rail.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,209,552 Armstrong July 30, 1940 2,212,657 Burwell Aug. 27, 1940 2,218,753 Johnson Oct. 22, 1940 2,287,843 Tvrzicky June 30, 1942 2,797,876 Van Der Weyden July 2, 1957 

